{ "version": "https://jsonfeed.org/version/1", "title": "AWS Knowledge Changelog", "home_page_url": "https://pr-aws.pages.dev/changelog/", "description": "Site updates and AWS exam news", "items": [ { "id": "https://pr-aws.pages.dev/changelog/aws-skill-builder", "content_html": "

AWS Skill Builder is the official free learning platform from AWS — and one of the best resources to pair with this portal when preparing for CLF-C02.

\n

What is AWS Skill Builder?​

\n\n

Skill Builder gives you access to 500+ free digital courses, official practice question sets, and the AWS Cloud Practitioner Essentials course — all from AWS's own training team.

\n

What's free vs paid​

\n
Free tierIndividual subscription ($29/mo)
500+ digital coursesExam Prep Official Practice Exams
AWS Cloud Practitioner EssentialsHands-on labs (Jam, Builder Labs)
Digital badgesEnhanced course catalogue
Learning plansClassroom-style courses
\n

For CLF-C02 prep, the free tier is enough — the Cloud Practitioner Essentials course and official practice questions cover everything on the exam.

\n

How to use it alongside this portal​

\n\n

Both are free. Start at skillbuilder.aws.

", "url": "https://pr-aws.pages.dev/changelog/aws-skill-builder", "title": "Study smarter with AWS Skill Builder", "summary": "AWS Skill Builder is the official free learning platform from AWS — and one of the best resources to pair with this portal when preparing for CLF-C02.", "date_modified": "2026-09-16T00:00:00.000Z", "author": { "name": "Pratyush" }, "tags": [ "exam-content", "aws", "learning" ] }, { "id": "https://pr-aws.pages.dev/changelog/billing-domain-tips", "content_html": "

Only 12% of the exam — but the questions are very specific and easy to get wrong if you confuse similar-sounding services.

\n

EC2 pricing models — the most-tested billing topic​

\n

The exam loves scenario-based pricing questions. Match the workload to the model:

\n
ScenarioRight answerWhy
Unpredictable workload, no upfront commitmentOn-DemandPay by the second, stop any time
Steady workload running 24/7 for 1–3 yearsReserved Instance or Savings PlanUp to 72% cheaper than On-Demand
Fault-tolerant batch job, can be interruptedSpot InstanceUp to 90% cheaper, AWS can reclaim with 2-min warning
Compliance requires dedicated physical serverDedicated HostOnly option that guarantees no shared hardware
Runs code briefly in response to eventsLambdaPay per invocation and duration, not per hour
\n

Cost management tools — know which does what​

\n
ToolWhat it does
Cost ExplorerVisualise past spend, forecast future costs, identify trends
AWS BudgetsSet spending/usage thresholds and get alerted when breached
Cost and Usage Report (CUR)Most granular billing data, exports to S3, used for detailed analysis
Compute OptimizerRecommends right-sized EC2/Lambda based on actual usage
Pricing CalculatorEstimate costs before you deploy anything
\n

Common trap: Cost Explorer = look backwards at spend. Pricing Calculator = estimate before you start. The exam distinguishes these.

\n

Support plans — know the tiers​

\n
Developer  →  Business  →  Enterprise On-Ramp  →  Enterprise
    │              │                │                    │
 Business-    Production        Production          Mission-critical
 hours only   system down       system down         system down
  < 24h          < 4h              < 4h                < 15min
               response          response             response
\n\n

Free tier — exam-testable services​

\n
Always free12 months freeTrials
Lambda (1M requests/mo)EC2 (750 hrs t2/t3.micro)Lightsail (3 months)
DynamoDB (25 GB storage)S3 (5 GB standard)
CloudWatch (10 metrics)RDS (750 hrs)
\n

Key exam tip​

\n
\n

\"Consolidated billing\" = one bill for all AWS accounts in an Organisation. The main benefit isn't just one invoice — it's volume discounts: combined usage across accounts qualifies for lower pricing tiers faster than any single account would.

\n
", "url": "https://pr-aws.pages.dev/changelog/billing-domain-tips", "title": "CLF-C02 exam tips: Billing, Pricing & Support (12% of the exam)", "summary": "Only 12% of the exam — but the questions are very specific and easy to get wrong if you confuse similar-sounding services.", "date_modified": "2026-09-14T00:00:00.000Z", "author": { "name": "Pratyush" }, "tags": [ "aws-exam", "content" ] }, { "id": "https://pr-aws.pages.dev/changelog/security-domain-tips", "content_html": "

Security is the single biggest domain on the CLF-C02 — 30% of your score. Here's what it actually tests.

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What the exam focuses on​

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The exam does not test deep security engineering. It tests whether you know which service to reach for in a given scenario, and the shared responsibility model.

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The shared responsibility model — always on the exam​

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AWS is responsible for:          You are responsible for:
┌─────────────────────────┐      ┌─────────────────────────┐
│ Physical data centres   │      │ Data encryption         │
│ Network infrastructure  │      │ IAM users & permissions │
│ Hypervisor / hardware   │      │ Security group rules    │
│ Managed service patches │      │ Application security    │
└─────────────────────────┘      └─────────────────────────┘
         \"Security OF the cloud\"    \"Security IN the cloud\"
\n

Exam pattern: a scenario describes a breach or misconfiguration — whose responsibility was it? Almost always the answer is yours (the customer), not AWS's.

\n

IAM — the most-tested service in this domain​

\n
ConceptWhat the exam tests
Principle of least privilegeAlways grant minimum permissions needed
IAM roles vs usersRoles for services/apps, users for humans
MFAShould always be enabled, especially on root
Root accountShould never be used for daily tasks
IAM policiesJSON documents attached to users/roles/groups
\n

Threat detection — know what each service detects​

\n
ServiceWhat it detects
GuardDutyMalicious activity, anomalous API calls, cryptocurrency mining
InspectorSoftware vulnerabilities in EC2 and container images
MacieSensitive data (PII, credentials) in S3 buckets
Security HubAggregates findings from all the above
\n

Memory trick: GuardDuty = threats from outside. Inspector = vulnerabilities inside. Macie = data you shouldn't have left exposed.

\n

Encryption — know the key hierarchy​

\n\n

Exam pattern: \"needs to store database credentials securely and rotate them automatically\" → Secrets Manager (not KMS, not Parameter Store alone).

\n

Key exam tip​

\n
\n

If a question asks about compliance reports, attestations, or audit artefacts (SOC 2, ISO 27001, PCI DSS) — the answer is AWS Artifact. It's a self-service portal for downloading AWS's own compliance documents.

\n
", "url": "https://pr-aws.pages.dev/changelog/security-domain-tips", "title": "CLF-C02 exam tips: Security & Compliance (30% of the exam)", "summary": "Security is the single biggest domain on the CLF-C02 — 30% of your score. Here's what it actually tests.", "date_modified": "2026-09-12T00:00:00.000Z", "author": { "name": "Pratyush" }, "tags": [ "aws-exam", "content" ] }, { "id": "https://pr-aws.pages.dev/changelog/full-text-search", "content_html": "

Search now reads through the entire body of every article — not just titles and subtitles.

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What changed​

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Previously, the ⌘K search overlay only matched against article titles and subtitles. So searching \"spot instances\" returned nothing, even though EC2 Pricing Models covers Spot Instances in detail.

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Now search works across all ~140 articles' full content.

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How it works​

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A pre-built search-index.json (404 KB) is lazy-loaded the moment you open search. By the time you've typed a word, it's ready.

\n

Results are ranked in two tiers:

\n
    \n
  1. Title / subtitle matches — appear first, highlighted in the result title
    2. \n
  2. Body-text matches — appear below, with a snippet showing the matching context
    3. \n
\n
EC2 Pricing Models                          ← title match
AWS Pricing Models                          ← subtitle match (\"Spot\" in subtitle)
─────────────────────────────────────────
Amazon EC2          …Spot Instances   Spare capacity, cheapest…   ← body match + snippet
AWS Batch           …integrates with EC2 (including Spot Instances for cost…
Amazon EMR          …Spot Instances can significantly reduce cost…
\n

\"Search

\n\n

\"Search

\n

Search in depth​

\n", "url": "https://pr-aws.pages.dev/changelog/full-text-search", "title": "Full-text search across all articles", "summary": "Search now reads through the entire body of every article — not just titles and subtitles.", "date_modified": "2026-09-10T00:00:00.000Z", "author": { "name": "Pratyush" }, "tags": [ "site-update", "search", "ui" ] }, { "id": "https://pr-aws.pages.dev/changelog/clf-c02-generative-ai-update", "content_html": "

AWS has increased the weight of generative AI topics in the CLF-C02 exam. Here's what's testable now.

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What's in scope​

\n

The exam now explicitly tests:

\n\n

Key distinctions the exam likes to test​

\n
ServiceWhat it doesCommon distractor
BedrockAccess third-party FMs via API, no ML expertise neededSageMaker (requires ML expertise)
Amazon Q BusinessAI assistant over your company's dataBedrock (you build the app yourself)
SageMakerFull ML platform — build, train, deployBedrock (no model training, just access FMs)
RekognitionPre-trained vision model, no training neededSageMaker (needs training)
\n

Exam tip​

\n
\n

If a scenario describes a business that wants to add AI without any ML expertise or model training, the answer is almost always Bedrock or a managed AI service (Rekognition, Comprehend, etc.).
\nIf they want to train their own model on proprietary data, it's SageMaker.

\n
\n

Articles on this site​

\n", "url": "https://pr-aws.pages.dev/changelog/clf-c02-generative-ai-update", "title": "CLF-C02 exam: what you need to know about generative AI", "summary": "AWS has increased the weight of generative AI topics in the CLF-C02 exam. Here's what's testable now.", "date_modified": "2026-09-08T00:00:00.000Z", "author": { "name": "Pratyush" }, "tags": [ "aws-exam", "content", "ai-ml" ] }, { "id": "https://pr-aws.pages.dev/changelog/topic-grouping", "content_html": "

Topics within each module are now organised under sub-headings that mirror the actual AWS CLF-C02 course structure.

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What changed​

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Module detail pages previously showed a flat list of topics. Now they're grouped under labelled sections — exactly as the official AWS course organises them.

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Example — Module 9: Security

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GroupTopics
Identity & Access ManagementIAM, Cognito, IAM Concepts
Governance & ComplianceOrganizations, Artifact
Data Protection & EncryptionKMS, CloudHSM, Secrets Manager, Encryption Fundamentals
Infrastructure ProtectionShield, WAF
Threat Detection & MonitoringGuardDuty, Inspector, Macie
\n

This applies to all 13 modules.

\n

\"Module

\n\n

\"Scrolling

\n

Module 9 Security — full walkthrough​

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Also fixed​

\n

The Cloud Adoption Framework article was incorrectly assigned to Module 13 (Well-Architected Solutions). It has been moved to Module 12 (Migration), where it belongs per the official course — CAF's six perspectives (Business, People, Governance, Platform, Security, Operations) are migration planning tools, not well-architected pillars.

", "url": "https://pr-aws.pages.dev/changelog/topic-grouping", "title": "Module topics now grouped by sub-section", "summary": "Topics within each module are now organised under sub-headings that mirror the actual AWS CLF-C02 course structure.", "date_modified": "2026-09-05T00:00:00.000Z", "author": { "name": "Pratyush" }, "tags": [ "site-update", "ui", "content" ] }, { "id": "https://pr-aws.pages.dev/changelog/articles-page", "content_html": "

Concept articles now have their own page — browse and filter them independently of modules and services.

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What's new​

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A dedicated Articles page is now in the main nav, between Topics and By Tier.

\n

\"Articles

\n

It lists all concept articles grouped by domain:

\n
DomainColourWhat's in it
Cloud ConceptsBlueCloud models, shared responsibility, IaaS/PaaS/SaaS
TechnologyTealArchitecture patterns, storage, caching, CDN, DevOps
SecurityPinkIAM concepts, encryption, compliance frameworks
BillingAmberPricing models, cost management, consolidated billing
\n

Filter chips at the top let you narrow to one domain at a time.

\n

Why a separate page?​

\n

Concept articles don't belong to a single module — they're cross-cutting background knowledge. Burying them inside module detail pages made them hard to discover. A dedicated page makes it easy to see what foundational reading exists and track what you've covered.

\n

Progress tracking (read/unread) works here exactly as it does everywhere else.

", "url": "https://pr-aws.pages.dev/changelog/articles-page", "title": "New Articles page in the nav", "summary": "Concept articles now have their own page — browse and filter them independently of modules and services.", "date_modified": "2026-09-02T00:00:00.000Z", "author": { "name": "Pratyush" }, "tags": [ "site-update", "ui", "content" ] }, { "id": "https://pr-aws.pages.dev/changelog/concept-articles", "content_html": "

Ten new articles covering concepts that underpin multiple AWS services — the kind of background knowledge the exam assumes you have.

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Why concept articles?​

\n

Service articles (EC2, S3, RDS…) cover what a service does. But the exam also tests whether you understand why things are built the way they are — virtualization, caching, event-driven architecture, and so on.

\n

These concept articles fill that gap. Each one is a short, focused primer written in the same house style as service articles.

\n

What's new​

\n
ArticleModuleWhat it covers
IaaS vs PaaS vs SaaS1The three cloud service models with concrete examples
Cloud Management Tiers3Serverless → Fully managed → Managed → Unmanaged
High Availability & Fault Tolerance13HA vs FT, RPO/RTO, active-active vs active-passive
Disaster Recovery13Backup/restore, pilot light, warm standby, multi-site
What is Caching?7Cache hit/miss, TTL, write strategies, when to use
What is a CDN?4How CloudFront works under the hood
Load Balancing2ALB vs NLB vs CLB, routing algorithms
Object vs Block vs File Storage6When to use S3 vs EBS vs EFS
Microservices vs Monolith3Trade-offs, when each fits, AWS service alignment
DevOps & CI/CD10Pipeline stages, CodePipeline, CodeBuild, CodeDeploy
\n

Where to find them​

\n

All concept articles appear in the Articles tab, grouped under their domain (Cloud Concepts, Technology, Security, Billing). They also appear on their respective module detail pages under the relevant sub-section.

", "url": "https://pr-aws.pages.dev/changelog/concept-articles", "title": "10 new foundational concept articles", "summary": "Ten new articles covering concepts that underpin multiple AWS services — the kind of background knowledge the exam assumes you have.", "date_modified": "2026-08-30T00:00:00.000Z", "author": { "name": "Pratyush" }, "tags": [ "content", "site-update" ] }, { "id": "https://pr-aws.pages.dev/changelog/scroll-fix", "content_html": "

Topics, Modules, Articles, By Tier, and Exam pages — none of them scrolled. All fixed.

\n

What was broken​

\n

Every multi-page view had the same symptom: content was cut off at the bottom, and the page wouldn't scroll. Article pages were also broken — long articles were stuck, the text just ended.

\n

Root cause​

\n

The site shares CSS with an SPA (single-page app) core that locks the body:

\n
/* kb-core.css — correct for SPA */
body { height: 100vh; overflow: hidden; }
\n

This is right for the SPA because it manages its own scroll inside a <main> element. But the regular pages were inheriting it and getting clipped.

\n

Fix — multi-page pages​

\n

Made the page body a flex column and gave <main> the scroll:

\n
body.page {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  height: 100vh;
  overflow: hidden;     /* body still locked */
}
.page-main {
  flex: 1;
  min-height: 0;        /* critical — prevents flex child expanding past parent */
  overflow-y: auto;     /* scroll lives here */
}
\n

Fix — article pages​

\n

Article pages had a deeper problem: two nested flex children both missing min-height: 0, causing the inner scroll container to expand to full content height (~6000px) and never actually scroll.

\n

Added min-height: 0 at both levels. Articles now scroll correctly regardless of length.

", "url": "https://pr-aws.pages.dev/changelog/scroll-fix", "title": "Scroll now works on all pages", "summary": "Topics, Modules, Articles, By Tier, and Exam pages — none of them scrolled. All fixed.", "date_modified": "2026-08-27T00:00:00.000Z", "author": { "name": "Pratyush" }, "tags": [ "site-update", "ui" ] }, { "id": "https://pr-aws.pages.dev/changelog/module-routing-fix", "content_html": "

Clicking any module card was silently redirecting to the homepage. Fixed.

\n

What was broken​

\n

Navigating to /modules/8/ (or any module by path) loaded the homepage instead of Module 8. No error, no message — just the wrong page.

\n

Root cause​

\n

Cloudflare Pages has an SPA fallback: any path that doesn't match a real file gets served index.html from the root. So /modules/8/ had no matching file, fell through to the root index.html, and that's all you saw.

\n

The _redirects rule meant to catch this was never reached — the SPA fallback fires first.

\n

Fix​

\n

Switched from path-based routing to query-string routing:

\n
BeforeAfter
/modules/8//modules/?m=8
\n

Query-string URLs always resolve to /modules/index.html, which exists — so the SPA fallback never triggers. The page then reads ?m=8 from URLSearchParams and renders the right module.

\n

Clean, reliable, no build step needed.

", "url": "https://pr-aws.pages.dev/changelog/module-routing-fix", "title": "Bug fix: clicking a module now opens the right page", "summary": "Clicking any module card was silently redirecting to the homepage. Fixed.", "date_modified": "2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z", "author": { "name": "Pratyush" }, "tags": [ "site-update" ] }, { "id": "https://pr-aws.pages.dev/changelog/site-launch", "content_html": "

The AWS CLF-C02 knowledge portal is live at pr-aws.pages.dev.

\n

\"AWS

\n\n

\"Browsing

\n

What's included​

\n\n

Content structure​

\n

Every article follows a consistent house style:

\n
## What it is         ← one-paragraph plain-English summary
## How it works       ← ASCII diagram or flow
## Key features       ← comparison table where relevant
## Key Exam Tips      ← bullet points of what the exam tests
## Further Reading    ← links to AWS docs
\n

Domain coverage​

\n
DomainWeight (CLF-C02)
Cloud Concepts24%
Security & Compliance30%
Cloud Technology & Services34%
Billing, Pricing & Support12%
\n

Full site walkthrough​

\n", "url": "https://pr-aws.pages.dev/changelog/site-launch", "title": "AWS Knowledge portal — initial launch", "summary": "The AWS CLF-C02 knowledge portal is live at pr-aws.pages.dev.", "date_modified": "2026-08-20T00:00:00.000Z", "author": { "name": "Pratyush" }, "tags": [ "site-update" ] } ] }